14. Axial Fans in the Deep: Ventilation Challenges in Mining and Tunneling<br/>Ventilation is an absolute necessity and a primary safety concern in underground operations such as mining, tunneling, and subterranean construction[9]. Toxic gases (like methane and carbon monoxide), dust particles, and the heat generated by machinery must be continuously removed and replaced with fresh, breathable air[11]. Axial fans are the preferred <a href="
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